Литература и политика в «Филоктете» Софокла
Гринцер Николай Павлович
В статье предложена оригинальная интерпретация пьесы в целом, выявляющая, с одной стороны, ее литературную предысторию и подоплеку (в частности, соотносящая ее с «Илиадой» Гомера и несохранившейся одноименной драмой Еврипида), а с другой – скрытые в трагедии Софокла аллюзии на современную ей социально-политическую ситуацию, а именно неудачные мирные переговоры между Афинами и Спартой в 410 г. до н.э. (за год до постановки «Филоктета»). Такая трактовка позво- ляет, среди прочего, предложить принципиально новое объяснение одной из главных композиционных и содержательных проблем, постоянно обсуждаемой применительно к трагедии, – ее странный, даже «искусственный» финал, в котором главные герои резко меняют свое, вроде бы уже окончательно сформировавшееся, решение об отказе от войны и возвращении домой.
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